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Medications to Treat Anxiety Therapy is the best method to treat anxiety, but sometimes a short-term course medication may be necessary. Antidepressants and tranquilizers are two of the medications that can be used to treat anxiety. SSRI antidepressants such as citalopram, sertraline, and escitalopram can reduce anxiety. SNRIs that focus on the chemicals serotonin and norepinephrine may also be effective. SSRIs SSRIs are the first class of medication doctors prescribe to treat anxiety disorders. They block nerve cell absorption of serotonin into the brain, a chemical that is important for mood regulation. It takes some time for the medications to begin working however, people typically start to feel better after 4 to 6 weeks. SSRIs are non-habit-forming and do not cause addiction, so they can be taken for long periods of time. Another type of antidepressant, SNRIs (serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors), also treats depression and anxiety. Examples of SNRIs are citalopram (Celexa) and escitalopram (Lexapro) as well as fluoxetine (Prozac) and paroxetine (Paxil) and sertraline (Zoloft). Tricyclic antidepressants such as imipramine (Tofranil), doxepine and Anxiety Disorder stimulant are also used to treat depression and anxiety. Mirtazapine is a new antidepressant is sometimes used to treat anxiety disorders. Doctors do not know how SNRIs or SSRIs work however they do know that they increase the activity of chemical messengers known as neurotransmitters in the brain. They stop the brain from reabsorbing these chemicals and allow them to attach to their receptors. SSRIs are used to treat generalized anxiety disorder, GAD; obsessive-compulsive disorder, OCD; panic disorder/agoraphobia; and posttraumatic stress disorder, PTSD. They can also help with bulimia, but it is less prevalent. People with anxiety who are not responding to SSRIs may be prescribed an atypical antipsychotic drug. Examples include quetiapine (Abilify) and aripiprazole (Risperdal). These drugs reduce anxiety in people with obsessive compulsive disorder. They are usually prescribed together with an antidepressant. They have a lower chance of serious adverse reactions than other forms of antipsychotics. Beta-blockers can also be prescribed for anxiety, and heart problems. Propranolol as well as atenolol are just two examples. They can help reduce the physical symptoms of anxiety, especially for those suffering from social anxiety disorder. They can also be helpful in reducing anxiety before or following surgery and also for certain chronic pain conditions. The benzodiazepines, such as lorazepam (Ativan) can be used to control symptoms when other medicines aren't working. However, benzodiazepines create a habit and can lead to addiction. SNRIs SNRIs are a different type of antidepressant medications often prescribed to combat anxiety. They function in a similar way similar to SSRIs but also increase the availability norepinephrine, and serotonin. In turn, they are often more effective in treating specific types of anxiety disorders, such as social anxiety disorder and panic disorder. Similar to other medications, they are most effective when they are combined with therapy for talk and other treatment strategies. In contrast to the benzodiazepines, SNRIs don't cause addiction or dependence in the majority of people. Some patients may experience withdrawal symptoms stopping a medication following an extended period of usage. Because of this, it is crucial to talk with your doctor prior to stopping any medication. Serotonin and norepinephrine are neurotransmitters responsible for stress and mood reactions. They play a crucial part in the fight or flight response that many anxiety sufferers experience. By preventing the reuptake process, SNRIs prevent nerve cells from quickly absorbing these neurotransmitters. This way they hold these chemicals in the brain longer and as a consequence they have the potential to improve mood and reduce feelings of anxiety or even help alleviate symptoms of panic attacks. Norepinephrine also plays a role in anxiety, as it stimulates the Amygdala. This is a very deep and primitive part of the brain that is associated with anxiety-related behavior. SNRIs have been shown to reduce activity in this part of the brain, which could positively impact mood and anxiety, as well as alleviate panic attacks. These medications are very helpful, but they can also increase suicidal behavior in certain people. Due to this, they are typically prescribed in higher doses for a brief time. In addition, these medications can interact with several other drugs and other substances. You should inform your doctor if are taking any other prescriptions or over-the prescription medicines. Also, keep them informed of any existing conditions, such as heart problems and bleeding disorders. Be aware that some patients experience adverse reactions to SNRIs like dry mouth and nausea. Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepines — or benzos or benzos, as they're commonly referred to are fast-acting drugs that can help ease anxiety and anxiety-related symptoms, like muscle tension and insomnia. They are useful in some patients suffering from anxiety disorders, including panic disorder and social anxiety, especially if other treatments, like SSRIs or psychotherapy (talk therapy) aren't working. They can also be helpful as a short-term solution, such as while you wait for an antidepressant begin working. Drugs like diazepam (Valium) and lorazepam (Ativan) are the most commonly used benzos, but others include clonazepam (Rivotril) and temazepam (Restoril) and flurazepam (Dalmane). Because they're fast-acting, they typically begin working within 30 minutes. They don't remain in the body for very long, which is why they must be regularly taken to reap the maximum benefits. Using benzos for long periods of time could cause physical dependence and addiction, so they should only be used for the shortest time possible. Benzos are not recommended by people with depression or anxiety disorders as they could increase the risk. People who use benzos for a long period of duration, often without medical supervision, may develop a condition referred to as sedative-use disorder, which includes withdrawal symptoms and addiction. It is uncommon for people who are prescribed benzos to develop this problem, however. Benzo abuse is typically a result of other factors like alcohol abuse or depression. Taking benzodiazepines for the long term can also cause tolerance to their effects on sedation. If you develop tolerance of the effects, you need to take more of the medication to have the same effect. In certain cases this could lead to respiratory depression, coma and death. Even if you're taking benzodiazepines for a prolonged time, it is important to adhere to the prescription. Other Medications SSRIs and SNRIs are the primary medications doctors will typically prescribe for anxiety. They affect serotonin which influences the mood sleep, appetite, and appetite. They can take a while to take effect, up to 12 weeks, and can cause some side effects like insomnia or nausea. SSRIs can also be used to treat mental disorders such as panic disorder, depression and obsessive compulsive disorder. In contrast to benzodiazepines they don't cause physical dependence but they can cause withdrawal symptoms if abruptly discontinued. The medicines in this class include sertraline (Zoloft), fluoroquinol (Prozac) and citalopram (Celexa). They can be used as a stand-alone treatment or in combination with therapy. Antidepressants are prescribed by psychologists, psychiatrists or family physicians with special training in medication management. Doctors may prescribe a class of monoamine-oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) as an antidepressant. These drugs block the action of enzymes that break chemical down, such as dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine. MAOIs may take up to four weeks to start working however they aren't as quick-acting as SSRIs. Clonidine is another medication that can be used to treat anxiety. It is typically used to treat anxiety but it is also used to control blood pressure. Its effectiveness is limited by negative side effects, such as hypotension and sedation. Doctors can prescribe antihistamines, such as hydroxyzine to reduce symptoms of anxiety and panic attacks. Some patients might also experience a decrease in the effectiveness of benzodiazepines. The treatment for anxiety is usually combining psychotherapy, medication and exercise. A therapist who has a specialization in anxiety disorders is the most effective way to manage anxiety. They can assist you in working through the root causes of your anxiety and recommend strategies for managing it without medication, if necessary. Other options for anxiety treatment that don't require medication include eye movement desensitization, mindfulness meditation, and Yoga that is trauma-informed. Talk with your therapist about which options are best for you. Psychologists are trained to assess your symptoms, medical history and formulate an appropriate treatment plan for anxiety that is right for you. anxiety reduction will consider your specific medical history and preferences when preparing this plan and make adjustments to it over time.